UserVM Handbook

Welcome to the official guide on setting up a UserVM.

The Rules

First, the boring part. We ask that all hosts review and follow the UserVM Hosting Rules.

Prerequisites

You'll need:

• A machine with decent specs (8GB of RAM and a modern CPU, probably)
• A Linux distribution; You can pick any mainstream distro, for the purposes of this guide I recommend either Debian or Arch, or their OpenRC counterparts if you prefer OpenRC. Yes, Ubuntu will work, it's terrible though
• A decently fast network that allows you to forward a port. We will not accept UserVMs behind services like ngrok. Cloudflare tunnels are fine. You must also have a URL that stays persistent. If your IP is dynamic, you can use services like NOIP or setup a script to auto-update your domain using cloudflare.
• Basic knowledge of how computers and Linux systems work. We aren't going to hold your hand, you need to be comfortable with a command line
• A few hours

Compiling the server

Install Dependencies

First up make sure you have git and nasm installed.

$ sudo pacman --needed --noconfirm -Sy git nasm # Arch
$ sudo apt-get install -y git nasm # Debian

Next, we need to install Node.js. First, we'll install node. On arch, you can just run the following command:

$ sudo pacman --needed -S npm nodejs

On Debian, the packaged node version is too old to run CollabVM, so we'll add the nodesource repository.

$ sudo apt-get install -y curl
$ curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_21.x | sudo bash -
$ sudo apt-get install nodejs -y

Enable Corepack:

$ sudo corepack enable

Prepare the server

Now let's get the server ready. First, we'll create a dedicated CollabVM user to run the server from /srv/collabvm:

$ sudo useradd -rmd /srv/collabvm collabvm
$ sudo usermod -aG kvm collabvm # Give the CollabVM user permission to use KVM hypervision

Now, we can shell in as the CollabVM user. For the remainder of this guide, any line that starts with (collabvm) $ indicates that this should be run as the collabvm user.

$ sudo -iu collabvm
(collabvm) $ pwd # This should output /srv/collabvm

Now, we can clone the CollabVM Server source code:

(collabvm) $ git clone https://github.com/computernewb/collabvm-1.2.ts.git /srv/collabvm/collabvm-1.2.ts --depth 1 --recursive
(collabvm) $ cd /srv/collabvm/collabvm-1.2.ts

Then install dependencies

(collabvm) $ yarn

Finally, build the server

(collabvm) $ yarn build

Set up your VM

Now is a good time to get your VM set up. Currently, the only supported hypervisor is QEMU. We have many guides on this wiki for setting up different OSes in QEMU, check them out here. Here are some ideas to make your VM interesting:

• A funny wallpaper
• Development software (Visual Studio, etc.)
• Some games
• Some harmless malware (for the love of god no GDI rapists)

We recommend setting up your VM as the collabvm user to make sure permissions are set correctly, but this is not a requirement.

Setting up a Virtual Network

QEMU's user-mode networking used by default isn't very customizable and lacks the ability to block certain abuse vectors. For this reason we very strongly recommend setting up a Virtual Network using the CollabNet Guide. Depending on the full situation we may refuse to add VMs that use QEMU user-mode networking.

It's also VERY important that mail ports are BLOCKED on your VM (the CollabNet guide config includes this). If you do not block them, your IP effectively becomes an open relay which will very likely get you suspended by your ISP or hosting provider. We will not add VMs with accessible mail ports

Configuration

Now we need to fill out the config file for your VM. Copy config.example.toml to config.toml, and open it in an editor.

Config value	Explanation
host	Host IP for the server to bind to. 99% of the time this will be 127.0.0.1 on proxied instances and 0.0.0.0 on non-proxied (see below)
port	Port for your server to bind to. This must be different for each VM you host, and cannot be the same as any other server running on your system (see the output of ss -tuln to see what ports are used)
proxying	If your server will be behind a reverse proxy, usually Nginx. This isn't a requirement, however, we recommend you do so for things like TLS support, and minimizing the number of ports open on your server. This requires additional configuration of your web server. If you edit this, make sure to go back and update host accordingly
proxyAllowedIps	IPs allowed to reverse proxy your server. Can be ignored if you're not using proxying mode. 99% of the time, this will just be 127.0.0.1
qemuArgs	Command line to launch QEMU with. You'll have this from setting up your VM earlier. If you're not sure, check out the QEMU guides linked above
vncPort	Port to be used internally for VNC. Must be at least 5900. You don't need to pay too much attention to this unless you're running multiple VMs (In which case just increment the port by 1 for each VM)
snapshots	Whether or not your VM should have vote resets, and reset to its initial state on server restart. If you disable this on a public VM, prepare for it to get trashed quickly.
qmpSockDir	Directory for QEMU to put its QMP socket for internal use. This can stay default unless you have a special reason to change it
node	A unique ID for your VM. Your VM will be directly accessible at https://computernewb.com/collab-vm/user-vm/#<this id>. You should take care to name this something separate from any other VM on the UserVM roster, or your VM might be unaccessible
displayname	VM title that shows up in the list. Format with HTML
motd	Message of the day, displayed when someone joins your VM. Format with HTML
bancmd	Command to be run when you click the ban button. By default this adds a non-persistent iptables rule, but we recommend you change this
moderatorEnabled	Whether or not the moderator rank is enabled, in addition to Admin.
usernameblacklist	Array of usernames the server should not allow
maxChatLength	Max amount of characters a user can send in a chat message. Further characters will be truncated.
automute	Whether or not the server should automatically mute users who spam messages. You can also specify how many messages within how many seconds should trigger the mute.
tempMuteTime	How long a temporary mute lasts
turnTime	How long a turn lasts
voteTime	How long a vote to reset lasts, before results are tallied
voteCooldown	How long before another reset vote can be started after one ends
adminpass	SHA256 hash of your admin password. Can be generated with the command printf "<your admin password"> | sha256sum -. Make sure this is something hard to guess as anyone with this password could execute arbitrary commands on your server.
modpass	SHA256 hash of your mod password. Generated same as admin. Does nothing if the moderator rank is not enabled.
moderatorPermissions	Controls the individual actions a moderator can do. Each one is described below. Does nothing if the moderator rank is not enabled.
restore	Reset the VM back to it's initial state.
reboot	Reboot the VM
ban	Ban a user from your VM
forcevote	Forcibly pass or cancel a vote to reset
mute	Mute a user, preventing them from chatting or taking turns
kick	Kick a user from the VM
bypassturn	Jump to the front of the turn queue, as well as clear the turn queue and end individual turns
rename	Rename another user
grabip	Get the IP address of another user
xss	Send a raw (not HTML-sanitized) chat message, allowing the execution of arbitrary scripts on another user's browser. Admins will not be affected by XSS messages sent by mods.

Setting up reverse proxying (Optional)

This is REQUIRED for UserVM as, for technical reasons, only TLS-equipped WebSockets can be accepted

We strongly recommend you proxy your UserVM behind Nginx, to provide additional security and allow things like TLS. It also makes your VM look a lot cleaner, allowing people to access it on your main HTTP(s) port and on a subdirectory, like https://example.com/collab-vm/ rather than http://example.com:6004. Here's a brief description of how to set that up on the Nginx side. This assumes you already have your site set up with Nginx, and if not there are numerous guides for that around the internet.

First, you'll want to save wsproxy_params to your Nginx directory, which enables WebSocket proxying. Here's a one-liner to do that:

$ sudo curl https://computernewb.com/~elijah/wsproxy_params -o /etc/nginx/wsproxy_params

Next, you can add the following to your Nginx server block:

location /collab-vm/vm1 {
    include wsproxy_params;
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:6004/; # Replace 6004 if you changed the HTTP port in the config file.
}

If you get an error about connection_upgrade, edit /etc/nginx/nginx.conf and add the following to your http block:

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {  
    default upgrade;
    ''      close;
}

If you have multiple VMs running, you can have them all proxied like so:

location /collab-vm/vm1 {
    include wsproxy_params;
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:6004/; 
}
location /collab-vm/vm2 {
    include wsproxy_params;
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:6005/; 
}
# ...etc

Running your VM

Now that everything is set up, you can bring your VM online. To run the server right from your terminal, run the following command:

(collabvm) $ npm run serve

Or alternatively, to run it directly:

(collabvm) $ node build/index.js

Setting up a service

While it's useful and convenient to run your VM from the console while debugging, we strongly recommend you set it up as a service once you're ready to leave it on for extended periods of time. This is done differently depending on what init system your distro uses (Probably systemd, if you're not sure)

Systemd

To make your VM a systemd service, you can put the following into /etc/systemd/system/collabvm.service

[Unit]
Description=CollabVM

[Service]
Restart=always
Type=simple
User=collabvm
Group=collabvm
# Make sure to change the following two lines according to where you put your server.
# If you have multiple VMs, you can change WorkingDirectory to a different directory for each VM and leave ExecStart the same,
# allowing you to use the same server for all your VMs.
WorkingDirectory=/srv/collabvm/collabvm-1.2.ts/
ExecStart=/bin/node /srv/collabvm/collabvm-1.2.ts/build/index.js

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Reload the daemon cache:

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Then you can start your VM with:

$ sudo systemctl start collabvm

And make it automatically run on startup with:

$ sudo systemctl enable collabvm

OpenRC

Put the following into /etc/init.d/collabvm to make your VM an OpenRC service (change filename as appropriate):

#!/sbin/openrc-run
supervisor="supervise-daemon"
name="collabvm"
command="/bin/node"
command_args="/srv/collabvm/collabvm-1.2.ts/build/index.js"
# If you have multiple VMs, you can change --chdir to a different directory on each VM, to use different config files on the same server
supervise_daemon_args="--user collabvm --group collabvm --chdir /srv/collabvm/collabvm-1.2.ts --stdout /srv/collabvm/out.log --stderr /srv/collabvm/error.log"

Make it executable:

$ sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/collabvm

Now you can start your VM with:

$ sudo rc-service collabvm start

And make it run on startup with:

$ sudo rc-update add collabvm

Running a local webapp

Before you put your VM on the UserVM roster, you'll probably want to test it out for yourself. For that, we'll throw up a test webapp. Start by cloning the source:

$ git clone https://github.com/computernewb/collab-vm-1.2-webapp.git
$ cd collab-vm-1.2-webapp

Then, copy config.example.json to config.json, and replace ServerAddresses with your server address:

    "ServerAddresses": [
        "ws://127.0.0.1:6004", # If you're not using proxying
        "wss://example.com/collab-vm/vm1" # If you are using proxying. Remove one of these lines.
    ],

Now you can build the webapp, and serve it:

$ npm run build
$ npm run serve

This will run the webapp at 127.0.0.1:1234, which you can navigate to in your browser. If all went well, your VM should show up. If not, and you don't know why, join our discord and ask for help there!

Permanently host the webapp

If you want to host the webapp on your website, you can build it as follows:

$ npm run build

Then, copy the contents of the dist directory to your website. For example, if your webroot is at /var/www/example.com, and you want your webapp at example.com/collab-vm/:

$ cp -r dist/. /var/www/example.com/collab-vm/

The webapp should now be accessible at your website.

Logging in as an admin (or mod)

Logging in is very simple. Just join the VM, and double click your username. Enter your admin or mod password into the prompt, and you should be authenticated and able to use staff actions.

Getting your UserVM on the roster

Now you can have your UserVM put on the roster! Join our Discord, and create a post in #support with the uservm roster update tag, including your VM's WebSocket URL. You can ping me (@elijahr.dev) if you'd like.